Orthopedic Lexicon

Injection therapy is a medical treatment method in which medications are injected directly into the body to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and promote healing. This therapy is often used for orthopedic and rheumatic diseases. By administering…

Joint replacement surgeries, also known as endoprosthetics, are surgical procedures in which damaged or worn joints are replaced with artificial implants. These surgeries are often performed in cases of advanced osteoarthritis or severe joint damage…

Juvenile arthritis, medically referred to as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), is a chronic inflammatory joint disease that occurs in children and adolescents under 16 years of age. It is the most common rheumatic disease in this age group and can…

Kinesio taping is a therapeutic method in which elastic, skin-friendly adhesive tapes are applied to specific areas of the body to relieve pain, support muscle and joint function, and promote circulation. This technique was developed by Dr. Kenzo…

Inflammation of the knee joint, medically referred to as arthritis of the knee joint, is an inflammatory condition that affects the knee joint. It can be triggered by infections, autoimmune diseases, or overuse and leads to pain, swelling, and…

Knee osteoarthritis is a progressive change of the knee joint that can cause pain, stiffness, and movement limitations. An individually tailored treatment can help relieve symptoms and maintain the knee’s load-bearing capacity in everyday life for as…

Knee pain is a common symptom that can affect people of all ages. It can result from acute injuries, chronic conditions, or overuse. The knee joint is one of the largest and most complex joints in the human body, making it particularly susceptible to…

Patellar osteoarthritis, medically referred to as retropatellar osteoarthritis, is a specific form of osteoarthritis where the cartilage on the back of the kneecap (patella) is worn down. This condition leads to pain and movement restrictions in the…

The flat-valgus foot (pes planovalgus) is a common foot deformity in which the longitudinal arch of the foot is flattened (flatfoot), and the heel tilts inward (valgus foot). This deformity can occur in both children and adults. While it is often…

A labral tear of the hip refers to damage or injury to the acetabular labrum, a cartilage-like structure that surrounds the hip socket. The labrum stabilizes the hip joint by increasing the contact area between the socket and the head while…

A labrum lesion of the shoulder refers to damage or injury to the labrum glenoidale, a cartilage-like structure that surrounds the socket of the joint. The labrum stabilizes the shoulder joint by increasing the contact area between the socket and the…

A labrum tear describes a tear of the labrum, a cartilage-like structure that surrounds the joint socket and ensures the stability of the joint. This injury often occurs in the shoulder (glenoid labrum) or the hip (acetabular labrum) and is a common…

Laser treatment is a therapeutic procedure that uses focused light to treat various medical and cosmetic problems. This method is often used for pain relief, wound healing, tissue repair, and the treatment of skin conditions. Laser therapy is…

X-legs (genu valgum) and O-legs (genu varum) are misalignments of the leg axis that can lead to uneven stress on the joints. These misalignments primarily affect the knee joint and can cause long-term pain, wear and tear, and restricted mobility.

Loose bodies, also known as joint mice or corpora libera, are freely movable structures in the joint cavity that consist of cartilage, bone, or soft tissue. They usually arise from injuries, degenerative processes, or inflammatory diseases and can…

A lumbago, medically referred to as lumbago, is a sudden, sharp pain in the lower back, usually in the lumbar spine. It is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints and affects people of all ages, with middle-aged adults being particularly…

Magnetic field therapy is a therapeutic procedure that uses static or pulsating magnetic fields to treat various medical conditions. This method is often used to promote healing, relieve pain, and improve circulation. Magnetic fields are believed to…

Manual lymph drainage (MLD) is a special form of therapy that stimulates the lymph flow in the body through gentle, rhythmic massage techniques. It is often used to treat lymphedema and to support healing after injuries or surgeries. This technique…

Manual therapy is a specialized diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for treating functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system. It is often used by physiotherapists, chiropractors, and osteopaths to release joint blockages, relieve muscle…

Massage is a proven therapeutic method for treating muscle tension, stress, and pain. Various massage techniques are used to improve circulation, relax muscles, and promote overall well-being. Massages can be applied both therapeutically and…

An inner ligament tear, medically referred to as a rupture of the medial collateral ligament (MCL), is a common knee injury. The inner ligament stabilizes the inside of the knee and protects the joint from bending inward (valgus stress). This injury…

A meniscus tear, medically referred to as a rupture of the meniscus, is a common injury of the knee joint. The meniscus consists of two cartilage-like structures (medial and lateral meniscus) that serve as shock absorbers and stabilizers in the knee…

Metatarsalgia describes pain in the forefoot area, often occurring under the metatarsal heads. These complaints usually arise from overuse, misalignments, or degenerative changes in the foot. People who stand a lot, walk, or are physically active are…

Mirror therapy is an innovative and non-invasive form of therapy that was originally developed to treat phantom pain in amputees. Today, it is also used for other types of pain and movement disorders. The therapy uses a mirror image of the healthy…

Misalignments of the leg axes are deviations from the normal alignment of the lower limbs. They can significantly affect the way weight is distributed across the joints, potentially leading to pain, reduced mobility, and long-term damage,…

Morton's neuroma, also known as Morton's metatarsalgia, is a painful thickening of nerve tissue that typically occurs between the metatarsal bones in the area of the third and fourth toes. It is a common cause of forefoot pain, caused by mechanical…

Mouse arm, medically also referred to as Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI), is an overuse injury caused by repetitive and monotonous movements. This condition primarily affects people who work long hours at a computer and manifests as pain and…

Müller-Weiss syndrome is a rare, degenerative disease of the navicular bone in the midfoot, primarily occurring in adults between 40 and 60 years of age. It is a spontaneous, non-traumatic bone necrosis that leads to deformities, pain, and movement…

A muscle fiber tear in the calf is one of the most common sports injuries and occurs due to overloading of the calf muscle. This results in the tearing of individual or multiple muscle fibers, accompanied by acute pain, swelling, and restricted…

Myofascial therapy is a manual treatment method that aims at the examination and treatment of muscle and connective tissue tensions. This method focuses on the myofascial tissue, a network of muscles and fascia that runs throughout the entire body.…