Orthopedic Lexicon

PRP therapy (platelet-rich plasma) is an innovative treatment method that uses the patient's own blood to support healing processes in the body. The blood is processed to isolate the platelet-rich plasma, which is then injected into the affected…

Pseudogout, also known as chondrocalcinosis, is an inflammatory joint disease caused by the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate crystals (CPP crystals) in the joints. These crystals lead to painful inflammation, swelling, and restricted movement,…

Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the joints that occurs in connection with the skin condition psoriasis. It can lead to pain, restricted movement, and permanent joint damage if not treated in a timely manner. The disease often…

Rheumatic diseases encompass a wide variety of chronic inflammatory, degenerative, and autoimmune conditions that can affect the joints, muscles, connective tissue, and internal organs. They are among the most common chronic diseases and can occur at…

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints but can also damage other organs. If left untreated, the disease leads to progressive joint destruction, pain, and movement restrictions. Women…

Rhizarthrosis is a degenerative disease of the thumb saddle joint, caused by the wear of the cartilage between the first metacarpal bone and the trapezium bone (Os trapezium). It is one of the most common forms of osteoarthritis in the hand and…

A rib blockage refers to a functional disorder of mobility in the area of the vertebra-rib joints or the rib cartilage, which can lead to pain and restricted breathing. It often occurs suddenly and is usually associated with a sharp pain in the chest…

A rotator cuff tear refers to damage or a tear of the tendons in the shoulder joint that connect the muscles of the rotator cuff to the humerus. It is one of the most common causes of shoulder pain and limitations in shoulder mobility. The injury can…

A tear of the long biceps tendon is a common injury that usually occurs due to acute overload or degenerative changes. The long biceps tendon connects the biceps muscle to the shoulder and plays an important role in the mobility and stability of the…

A rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL rupture) is an injury to the ligament that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) to the ulna (forearm bone) in the area of the elbow joint. The UCL is crucial for the stability of the elbow, especially…

The sacroiliac injection is a minimally invasive treatment method for alleviating pain caused by inflammation or dysfunction of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ). The sacroiliac joint is located at the connection between the sacrum and the ilium and can…

The sacroiliac joint pain, also known as SIJ pain, affects the sacroiliac joint (SIJ), which forms the connection between the sacrum and the ilium. This joint plays a central role in the transmission of force between the upper body and the legs.…

Scoliosis refers to a lateral curvature of the spine that is accompanied by a rotation of the vertebral bodies. This misalignment can occur in any section of the spine, but most commonly in the thoracic and lumbar spine. Scoliosis occurs in both…

Shock wave therapy is a non-invasive treatment method in which high-energy sound waves (shock waves) are directed at the affected tissue to relieve pain and promote healing. This method is often used in orthopedics and sports medicine to treat…

Shock wave therapy is a non-invasive treatment method in which high-energy sound waves (shock waves) are directed at the affected tissue to relieve pain and promote healing. This method is often used in orthopedics and sports medicine to treat…

Shoulder impingement syndrome, also known as subacromial impingement, is a common cause of shoulder pain and movement restrictions. It involves a mechanical narrowing of structures, such as tendons or bursae, in the space beneath the bony shoulder…

Shoulder osteoarthritis, also known as omarthrosis, is a degenerative disease of the shoulder joint, in which the joint cartilage between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity is increasingly worn down. This wear leads to pain, restricted…

Shoulder pain is a common complaint that can affect people of all ages. It arises from acute injuries, chronic overuse, or degenerative changes. The shoulder is the most mobile joint in the human body and is simultaneously prone to pain and…

The sinus tarsi syndrome is a painful condition caused by inflammation or irritation of the sinus tarsi, a bony canal between the talus (ankle bone) and calcaneus (heel bone). This anatomical structure contains important ligaments, vessels, and…

Spondyloarthritis is an inflammatory disease that can affect the spine, the sacroiliac joints, and peripheral joints. It belongs to the group of spondyloarthritides, which also includes diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, and…

Spondylarthrosis is a degenerative disease of the vertebral joints (facet joints) caused by the wear and tear of cartilage and adjacent structures. It is one of the most common causes of back pain, especially in older people. As the disease…

Spondylodiscitis is a rare but serious inflammatory disease that affects both the intervertebral discs (discus) and the adjacent vertebral bodies. It is caused in most cases by bacterial infections, but in rare cases, it can also be of mycotic…

Spondylosis is a degenerative disease of the spine characterized by wear processes on the vertebral bodies, intervertebral discs, and adjacent structures such as the facet joints. It often occurs in older people and can restrict the mobility of the…

A fatigue fracture in the foot, also known as a stress fracture, is a common injury caused by repeated stress or overuse. Unlike acute fractures, which are caused by direct trauma, a fatigue fracture develops gradually and often affects athletes or…

The hollow back, medically referred to as hyperlordosis, is an excessive forward curvature of the lumbar spine. This poor posture causes the abdomen and pelvis to tilt forward while the upper body is inclined backward. A hollow back can cause…

Symphysitis is an inflammatory condition of the pubic symphysis, causing pain and movement restrictions in the pelvic area. The symphysis is a cartilaginous joint between the two pubic bones, allowing for stability and flexibility of the pelvis.…

Tarsal arthritis, also known as osteoarthritis in the area of the tarsal bones, is a degenerative joint disease that affects the tarsal region. It often occurs in older people but can also be caused by injuries or misalignments. The disease leads to…

A tear of the supraspinatus tendon is a common injury of the rotator cuff and affects the tendon of the supraspinatus muscle, which is responsible for the abduction and stabilization of the shoulder joint. The injury can occur acutely or chronically…

Tendovaginitis, medically referred to as tenosynovitis, is an inflammatory condition of the tendon sheath that surrounds the tendon and ensures its gliding ability. It often occurs in the hands, wrists, or forearms, but can also affect other body…

Tennis elbow, medically referred to as lateral epicondylitis, is a common condition where the tendon attachments of the forearm extensor muscles at the lateral (outer) epicondyle of the upper arm are inflamed or irritated. The condition often occurs…