Orthopedic Lexicon

A pelvic tilt is present when the pelvis is tilted horizontally. This misalignment is often caused by a leg length discrepancy, where the lengths of the legs are different. The pelvic tilt and leg length discrepancy can lead to uneven posture, joint…

Pes anserinus syndrome, also known as pes anserinus bursitis, is a painful inflammation of the bursa (bursa anserina) below the inner knee joint. It often occurs in individuals with overuse, misalignments, or overweight. Athletes, older people, or…

Physiotherapy is a therapeutic method aimed at improving and maintaining the body's movement and functional ability. Through targeted exercises, manual techniques, and physical measures, physiotherapy helps alleviate pain, heal injuries, and improve…

Piriformis syndrome is a neuromuscular disorder in which the piriformis muscle, a small, pear-shaped muscle in the buttock region, irritates or compresses the sciatic nerve. This irritation leads to pain that often radiates into the buttocks and the…

Polyneuropathy is a disease of the peripheral nervous system in which multiple nerves are affected simultaneously. It can impair motor, sensory, and autonomic nerve functions, leading to a variety of symptoms such as pain, numbness, or muscle…

Rhizarthrosis is a degenerative disease of the thumb saddle joint, caused by the wear of the cartilage between the first metacarpal bone and the trapezium bone (Os trapezium). It is one of the most common forms of osteoarthritis in the hand and…

A rib blockage refers to a functional disorder of mobility in the area of the vertebra-rib joints or the rib cartilage, which can lead to pain and restricted breathing. It often occurs suddenly and is usually associated with a sharp pain in the chest…

Rolfing, also known as Structural Integration, is a holistic manual therapy that aims to improve posture and movement patterns. By specifically manipulating the connective tissue (fascia), it seeks to correct misalignments and optimize mobility.…

A rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL rupture) is an injury to the ligament that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) to the ulna (forearm bone) in the area of the elbow joint. The UCL is crucial for the stability of the elbow, especially…

The sacroiliac joint pain, also known as SIJ pain, affects the sacroiliac joint (SIJ), which forms the connection between the sacrum and the ilium. This joint plays a central role in the transmission of force between the upper body and the legs.…

Shoulder pain is a common complaint that can affect people of all ages. It arises from acute injuries, chronic overuse, or degenerative changes. The shoulder is the most mobile joint in the human body and is simultaneously prone to pain and…

The sinus tarsi syndrome is a painful condition caused by inflammation or irritation of the sinus tarsi, a bony canal between the talus (ankle bone) and calcaneus (heel bone). This anatomical structure contains important ligaments, vessels, and…

A fatigue fracture in the foot, also known as a stress fracture, is a common injury caused by repeated stress or overuse. Unlike acute fractures, which are caused by direct trauma, a fatigue fracture develops gradually and often affects athletes or…

The hollow back, medically referred to as hyperlordosis, is an excessive forward curvature of the lumbar spine. This poor posture causes the abdomen and pelvis to tilt forward while the upper body is inclined backward. A hollow back can cause…

Symphysitis is an inflammatory condition of the pubic symphysis, causing pain and movement restrictions in the pelvic area. The symphysis is a cartilaginous joint between the two pubic bones, allowing for stability and flexibility of the pelvis.…

Tarsal arthritis, also known as osteoarthritis in the area of the tarsal bones, is a degenerative joint disease that affects the tarsal region. It often occurs in older people but can also be caused by injuries or misalignments. The disease leads to…

Tendovaginitis, medically referred to as tenosynovitis, is an inflammatory condition of the tendon sheath that surrounds the tendon and ensures its gliding ability. It often occurs in the hands, wrists, or forearms, but can also affect other body…

Tennis elbow, medically referred to as lateral epicondylitis, is a common condition where the tendon attachments of the forearm extensor muscles at the lateral (outer) epicondyle of the upper arm are inflamed or irritated. The condition often occurs…

A lateral ligament tear (rupture of one or more lateral ligaments) is a common injury of the ankle joint, which occurs especially in sports with rapid changes of direction or uncontrolled movements. This injury often leads to pain, swelling, and…

Trigger finger, medically known as stenosing tenosynovitis, is a common condition caused by inflammation or thickening of the flexor tendons in the fingers or the thumb tendon. The tendons no longer glide smoothly through the tendon sheath (pulleys),…

Trigger point therapy is a manual treatment method that targets the specific treatment of muscle tension and pain points, known as trigger points. These points are often palpable as small, hardened knots in the muscle tissue and can radiate pain.…

The ulnar nerve sulcus syndrome, colloquially known as elbow tingling, is a common nerve compression disorder where the ulnar nerve is constricted in the area of the elbow (sulcus nervi ulnaris). This compression leads to abnormal sensations, pain,…

The upper heel spur, also known as Haglund's deformity, is a bony protrusion at the back of the heel bone (calcaneus). This condition often causes pain, swelling, and restricted movement, especially when the heel is under stress. The upper heel spur…

A TFCC disc injury, also known as a triangular fibrocartilage complex lesion, affects the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) in the wrist. This structure consists of fibrocartilage and ligaments and is located between the ulna, the radius, and…

A wrist ganglion, colloquially also known as a synovial cyst, is a benign, fluid-filled cyst that forms near joints or tendon sheaths. A ganglion most commonly occurs on the dorsal side of the wrist, but it can also appear on the palmar side or in…

Wrist pain is a common symptom that can be caused by a variety of factors. They range from acute injuries to chronic conditions and can significantly affect mobility and quality of life. The pain can occur at a specific spot or throughout the wrist…

Therapeutic gymnastics is a form of movement therapy aimed at improving physical health and mobility. It is often used for rehabilitation after injuries, for treating chronic pain, and for preventing musculoskeletal disorders. Therapeutic gymnastics…