Orthopedic Lexicon

Achilles tendon pathologies include various diseases and injuries of the Achilles tendon, which can lead to pain, movement restrictions, and chronic complaints. They often affect athletes and active people, but can also arise from improper loading or…

Achillodynia refers to pain and inflammation of the Achilles tendon, which often occurs in physically active people. These complaints usually result from overuse or improper strain and can significantly impair mobility.

Acupuncture is a central component of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and is based on the targeted stimulation of acupuncture points to harmonize the energetic balance (Qi) in the body. In Western medicine, the effect of acupuncture is explained…

Ankle pain is a common symptom that can reflect both acute injuries and chronic conditions. It occurs in the upper or lower ankle joint and can be caused by overuse, inflammation, degenerative changes, or injuries. The exact cause of the pain is…

Ankle osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease of the upper ankle joint (OSG), characterized by the wear and tear of the joint cartilage and adjacent structures. It leads to pain, restricted movement, and long-term functional impairment of the joint.…

Morbus Bechterew, also known as ankylosing spondylitis, is a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the spine and the sacroiliac joints. The disease belongs to the group of seronegative spondyloarthritides and leads to ossification of…

Avascular necrosis of the hip, medically also referred to as femoral head necrosis, describes the death of bone tissue in the femoral head due to impaired blood supply. This condition often occurs between the ages of 30 and 50 and affects men more…

Back pain is among the most common complaints in the population and can occur at any age. They range from acute, temporary pain to chronic, long-lasting complaints that can significantly affect the quality of life. Back pain can have many causes and…

Back pain, also known as lumbar back pain, refers to pain in the area of the lumbar spine (lower back). These complaints are among the most common pain syndromes and can be both acute and chronic in nature. The causes are varied and range from…

The Baker's cyst, also known as a popliteal cyst, is a fluid-filled protrusion of the joint capsule in the area of the popliteal fossa. It often occurs as a result of knee joint disorders such as osteoarthritis or meniscus damage and can cause pain,…

Bone necrosis, medically referred to as osteonecrosis, describes the death of bone tissue due to disrupted blood supply. The condition can occur in any bone of the body, but often affects joint areas such as the hip, knee, or shoulder. Without…

Olecranon bursitis, also known as elbow bursitis, is a common condition in which the bursa (bursa olecrani) becomes inflamed. This bursa is located on the back of the elbow and serves as a cushion between the skin and the bony olecranon. The…

Trochanteric bursitis, also known as hip bursitis, is a painful inflammation of the trochanteric bursa, located at the outer bony prominence of the femur (greater trochanter). This bursa reduces friction between the muscles and tendons that run over…

Bursitis in the knee, also known as bursitis, is an inflammatory condition of the bursae in the knee joint. These fluid-filled cushions reduce friction between bones, tendons, and muscles. There are several bursae in the knee, the most commonly…

Apophysitis calcanei, also known as Sever’s disease, is an inflammatory condition of the growth plate (apophysis) of the heel bone. It occurs predominantly in children and adolescents aged 8 to 16 years, especially during growth phases. Those…

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common nerve compression disorder in which the median nerve is compressed in the wrist area. This compression leads to pain, numbness, and weakness in the hand, particularly in the thumb, index finger, and middle…

Clubfoot (Pes equinovarus) is a complex congenital foot deformity that occurs in about 1 in 1,000 newborns worldwide. Boys are more frequently affected than girls, and in about 50% of cases, the clubfoot is bilateral. This deformity, which can lead…

Coccygodynia, also known as tailbone pain, refers to chronic pain in the area of the coccyx (os coccygis). These complaints often occur when sitting, during bowel movements, or during physical activities and can significantly affect the quality of…

Collagenoses are a group of chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases that affect connective tissue and various organ systems. They are characterized by a malfunction of the immune system, in which the body's own tissue is attacked. Collagenoses can…

A cruciate ligament tear, medically referred to as a rupture of the cruciate ligament, is a common injury of the knee joint. It affects one of the two cruciate ligaments – the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) or the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)…

A shoulder dislocation describes the complete or partial dislocation of the shoulder joint, where the head of the upper arm (humeral head) slips out of the socket (glenoid). Due to the special mobility and anatomy of the shoulder joint, it is the…

A rupture of the distal biceps tendon refers to the complete or partial severing of the tendon that connects the biceps muscle to the radial bone in the elbow area. This injury often occurs in middle-aged men and is usually caused by a sudden…

Dupuytren's disease, also known as Dupuytren's contracture, is a chronic condition of the connective tissue in the palm of the hand. It leads to a nodular thickening and shortening of the palmar aponeurosis, causing the affected fingers to…

Elbow pain is a common symptom that can be triggered by a variety of causes. It affects people of all age groups and ranges from mild discomfort to severe, chronic pain that significantly impairs quality of life. Causes of elbow pain can include…

Epiphysiolysis capitis femoris (ECF), also referred to as juvenile femoral head slippage, is an orthopedic condition in which the femoral head slips along the growth plate (epiphyseal plate) of the femur. This condition typically occurs in…

The Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS), also known as post-discectomy syndrome or post-nucleotomy syndrome, refers to persistent or newly occurring pain in the back and leg area after spinal surgery. Despite surgical interventions aimed at reducing…

The flat/splayfoot is a common foot deformity characterized by a flattening of the longitudinal arch (flatfoot) and/or a widening of the forefoot due to a lowered transverse arch (splayfoot). These deformities often occur together and can lead to…

Fibroosteoses are benign changes in the bone, characterized by an increased formation of fibrous tissue (fibrosis) and bone (osteosis). They usually appear as local, defined densifications of the bone and can cause pain, functional limitations, or…

Finger polyarthrosis, also known as polyarthrosis of the finger joints, is a degenerative disease characterized by the progressive wear of the joint cartilage in multiple finger joints. It leads to pain, stiffness, and limited mobility and occurs…

A flatfoot, medically referred to as pes planus, is a foot deformity where the arch of the foot is flattened or completely absent. This condition can be congenital or acquired and often occurs in both children and adults. While mild forms often…