Orthopedic Lexicon

The flat/splayfoot is a common foot deformity characterized by a flattening of the longitudinal arch (flatfoot) and/or a widening of the forefoot due to a lowered transverse arch (splayfoot). These deformities often occur together and can lead to…

Fibroosteoses are benign changes in the bone, characterized by an increased formation of fibrous tissue (fibrosis) and bone (osteosis). They usually appear as local, defined densifications of the bone and can cause pain, functional limitations, or…

Finger polyarthrosis, also known as polyarthrosis of the finger joints, is a degenerative disease characterized by the progressive wear of the joint cartilage in multiple finger joints. It leads to pain, stiffness, and limited mobility and occurs…

A flatfoot, medically referred to as pes planus, is a foot deformity where the arch of the foot is flattened or completely absent. This condition can be congenital or acquired and often occurs in both children and adults. While mild forms often…

Foot pain is a widespread symptom that affects people of all ages. It can occur in various areas of the foot, such as the heel, arch, toes, or ankle. Foot pain varies in intensity and cause and can lead to both acute and chronic discomfort. It…

Frozen shoulder, medically referred to as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition of the shoulder joint characterized by severe pain and a significant restriction of mobility. It typically occurs in individuals between the ages of 40 and 60 and affects…

Glutealgia, or buttock pain, is a symptom that can be caused by various factors. The pain is usually localized in the buttock area but can also radiate to the lower back, hip, or legs. Glutealgia significantly affects mobility and quality of life,…

Golfer's elbow, medically referred to as medial epicondylitis, is a painful overuse condition affecting the tendon attachments of the wrist and finger flexor muscles on the inside of the elbow. Despite its name, this condition does not only occur in…

Gout is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated uric acid levels (hyperuricemia) in the blood. It leads to the formation of uric acid crystals in joints, tissues, and organs, causing severe pain and inflammatory reactions. Gout usually occurs…

The Haglund heel, also known as Haglund's exostosis or Haglund's syndrome, is a bony protrusion at the upper rear edge of the heel bone (calcaneus). This deformity often leads to pain and inflammation in the area of the Achilles tendon and the…

Hallux valgus, colloquially known as a bunion, is a common foot deformity where the big toe (hallux) deviates towards the other toes. This results in a protrusion of the big toe joint, which is often painful and leads to problems when wearing shoes.…

Hammer toes are a common deformity of the toes, where the middle joint of the affected toe is bent upwards while the end joint points downwards. This deformity leads to a characteristic claw-like shape, which can cause pain, pressure points, and…

Heel pain is a common complaint that can affect people of all ages. It can be triggered by numerous factors, including overuse, misalignments, inflammation, or injuries. Heel pain often impairs the mobility and quality of life of those affected, as…

High-tone therapy is a therapeutic procedure that uses high-frequency electrical currents to treat various medical conditions. This method is often used in physiotherapy to relieve pain, promote healing, and improve circulation. In high-tone therapy,…

Hip dysplasia, also referred to as hip joint dysplasia, is a congenital or acquired malformation of the hip joint. The hip socket (acetabulum) is insufficiently developed, which leads to the femoral head (caput femoris) not sitting optimally in the…

Inflammation of the hip joint, medically referred to as coxitis, is an inflammation of the hip joint that can have both infectious and non-infectious causes. It typically manifests as pain in the groin area, restricted movement, and a protective…

Hip pain is a common symptom that can affect people of all ages. The pain can occur in the groin area, buttocks, or the outside of the thigh and can be both acute and chronic. It often impairs the mobility and quality of life of those affected.

The iliopsoas shortening describes a shortening of the iliopsoas muscle, which consists of the psoas major muscle and the iliacus muscle. This muscle complex is the main flexor of the hip joint and plays an important role in stabilizing the spine. A…

Impingement in the ankle joint, also known as impingement syndrome, describes a mechanical pinching of tissue, tendons, or bone structures in the upper ankle joint. This pinching leads to pain, movement restrictions, and often to chronic complaints.…

The tibialis posterior tendon plays a crucial role in stabilizing the longitudinal arch of the foot and supporting foot movements. Inflammation or tears of this tendon can lead to significant functional impairments and foot deformities.

Juvenile arthritis, medically referred to as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), is a chronic inflammatory joint disease that occurs in children and adolescents under 16 years of age. It is the most common rheumatic disease in this age group and can…

Inflammation of the knee joint, medically referred to as arthritis of the knee joint, is an inflammatory condition that affects the knee joint. It can be triggered by infections, autoimmune diseases, or overuse and leads to pain, swelling, and…

Knee pain is a common symptom that can affect people of all ages. It can result from acute injuries, chronic conditions, or overuse. The knee joint is one of the largest and most complex joints in the human body, making it particularly susceptible to…

Patellar osteoarthritis, medically referred to as retropatellar osteoarthritis, is a specific form of osteoarthritis where the cartilage on the back of the kneecap (patella) is worn down. This condition leads to pain and movement restrictions in the…

The flat-valgus foot (pes planovalgus) is a common foot deformity in which the longitudinal arch of the foot is flattened (flatfoot), and the heel tilts inward (valgus foot). This deformity can occur in both children and adults. While it is often…

A labral tear of the hip refers to damage or injury to the acetabular labrum, a cartilage-like structure that surrounds the hip socket. The labrum stabilizes the hip joint by increasing the contact area between the socket and the head while…

A labrum tear describes a tear of the labrum, a cartilage-like structure that surrounds the joint socket and ensures the stability of the joint. This injury often occurs in the shoulder (glenoid labrum) or the hip (acetabular labrum) and is a common…

Laser treatment is a therapeutic procedure that uses focused light to treat various medical and cosmetic problems. This method is often used for pain relief, wound healing, tissue repair, and the treatment of skin conditions. Laser therapy is…

Loose bodies, also known as joint mice or corpora libera, are freely movable structures in the joint cavity that consist of cartilage, bone, or soft tissue. They usually arise from injuries, degenerative processes, or inflammatory diseases and can…

A lumbago, medically referred to as lumbago, is a sudden, sharp pain in the lower back, usually in the lumbar spine. It is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints and affects people of all ages, with middle-aged adults being particularly…