Orthopedic Lexicon

Magnetic field therapy is a therapeutic procedure that uses static or pulsating magnetic fields to treat various medical conditions. This method is often used to promote healing, relieve pain, and improve circulation. Magnetic fields are believed to…

An inner ligament tear, medically referred to as a rupture of the medial collateral ligament (MCL), is a common knee injury. The inner ligament stabilizes the inside of the knee and protects the joint from bending inward (valgus stress). This injury…

A meniscus tear, medically referred to as a rupture of the meniscus, is a common injury of the knee joint. The meniscus consists of two cartilage-like structures (medial and lateral meniscus) that serve as shock absorbers and stabilizers in the knee…

Metatarsalgia describes pain in the forefoot area, often occurring under the metatarsal heads. These complaints usually arise from overuse, misalignments, or degenerative changes in the foot. People who stand a lot, walk, or are physically active are…

Morton's neuroma, also known as Morton's metatarsalgia, is a painful thickening of nerve tissue that typically occurs between the metatarsal bones in the area of the third and fourth toes. It is a common cause of forefoot pain, caused by mechanical…

Mouse arm, medically also referred to as Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI), is an overuse injury caused by repetitive and monotonous movements. This condition primarily affects people who work long hours at a computer and manifests as pain and…

Müller-Weiss syndrome is a rare, degenerative disease of the navicular bone in the midfoot, primarily occurring in adults between 40 and 60 years of age. It is a spontaneous, non-traumatic bone necrosis that leads to deformities, pain, and movement…

A muscle fiber tear in the calf is one of the most common sports injuries and occurs due to overloading of the calf muscle. This results in the tearing of individual or multiple muscle fibers, accompanied by acute pain, swelling, and restricted…

Neck pain is one of the most common complaints in modern society and can affect people of all ages. It can occur both acutely and chronically and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as tension, restricted movement, and headaches. Neck pain…

An olecranon spur is a bony growth on the olecranon, the upper end of the ulna in the elbow area. These changes usually arise from chronic irritation or mechanical overload. The olecranon spur can cause pain and restricted movement, especially during…

Orthopedic technology encompasses custom-fitted medical-technical assistive devices such as prostheses, orthoses, bandages, corsets, or orthopedic insoles that support, guide, relieve, or partially replace the musculoskeletal system. The goal is to…

Osgood-Schlatter disease is a common condition in adolescents caused by overuse of the shinbone at the site of the patellar tendon attachment. It is classified as a growth disorder (osteochondrosis) and primarily affects physically active children…

Elbow osteoarthritis, also known as cubital osteoarthritis, is a degenerative condition in which the cartilage in the elbow joint is gradually broken down. This form of osteoarthritis occurs less frequently than in joints with higher stress, such as…

Osteoarthritis of the lower ankle joint, also known as subtalar osteoarthritis, is a degenerative joint disease in which the cartilage between the talus (ankle bone) and calcaneus (heel bone) is gradually broken down. This condition primarily affects…

Osteochondrosis dissecans (OD) is a joint disease in which a cartilage-bone fragment becomes detached. It primarily affects young, physically active individuals and often occurs in the knee joint, but can also affect other joints such as the ankle,…

Paget's disease, also known as Paget's disease of bone, is a chronic bone disorder characterized by disrupted remodeling processes in bone tissue. It leads to abnormal enlargement, thickening, and weakening of the affected bone. Typical symptoms…

A patellar dislocation refers to the dislocation of the kneecap (patella) from its natural position in the femoral groove of the thigh bone (femur). This injury often occurs in young, active individuals and is usually associated with severe pain and…

A pelvic tilt is present when the pelvis is tilted horizontally. This misalignment is often caused by a leg length discrepancy, where the lengths of the legs are different. The pelvic tilt and leg length discrepancy can lead to uneven posture, joint…

Pes anserinus syndrome, also known as pes anserinus bursitis, is a painful inflammation of the bursa (bursa anserina) below the inner knee joint. It often occurs in individuals with overuse, misalignments, or overweight. Athletes, older people, or…

Physiotherapy is a therapeutic method aimed at improving and maintaining the body's movement and functional ability. Through targeted exercises, manual techniques, and physical measures, physiotherapy helps alleviate pain, heal injuries, and improve…

Piriformis syndrome is a neuromuscular disorder in which the piriformis muscle, a small, pear-shaped muscle in the buttock region, irritates or compresses the sciatic nerve. This irritation leads to pain that often radiates into the buttocks and the…

Polyneuropathy is a disease of the peripheral nervous system in which multiple nerves are affected simultaneously. It can impair motor, sensory, and autonomic nerve functions, leading to a variety of symptoms such as pain, numbness, or muscle…

Post-infectious arthritis, also known as reactive arthritis, is an inflammatory joint disease that occurs as a result of an infection. It usually develops a few weeks after an infection of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, or urogenital…

Pseudogout, also known as chondrocalcinosis, is an inflammatory joint disease caused by the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate crystals (CPP crystals) in the joints. These crystals lead to painful inflammation, swelling, and restricted movement,…

Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the joints that occurs in connection with the skin condition psoriasis. It can lead to pain, restricted movement, and permanent joint damage if not treated in a timely manner. The disease often…

Rheumatic diseases encompass a wide variety of chronic inflammatory, degenerative, and autoimmune conditions that can affect the joints, muscles, connective tissue, and internal organs. They are among the most common chronic diseases and can occur at…

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints but can also damage other organs. If left untreated, the disease leads to progressive joint destruction, pain, and movement restrictions. Women…

Rhizarthrosis is a degenerative disease of the thumb saddle joint, caused by the wear of the cartilage between the first metacarpal bone and the trapezium bone (Os trapezium). It is one of the most common forms of osteoarthritis in the hand and…

A rib blockage refers to a functional disorder of mobility in the area of the vertebra-rib joints or the rib cartilage, which can lead to pain and restricted breathing. It often occurs suddenly and is usually associated with a sharp pain in the chest…

A rotator cuff tear refers to damage or a tear of the tendons in the shoulder joint that connect the muscles of the rotator cuff to the humerus. It is one of the most common causes of shoulder pain and limitations in shoulder mobility. The injury can…