Orthopedic Lexicon

ACJ osteoarthritis (acromioclavicular joint osteoarthritis) is a degenerative disease of the acromioclavicular joint that can lead to pain, movement restrictions, and chronic discomfort. It often affects middle-aged and older individuals as well as…

Ankle osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease of the upper ankle joint (OSG), characterized by the wear and tear of the joint cartilage and adjacent structures. It leads to pain, restricted movement, and long-term functional impairment of the joint.…

Arthroscopic surgeries are minimally invasive surgical procedures used for the diagnosis and treatment of joint diseases and injuries. An arthroscope, a thin, illuminated instrument with a camera, is inserted into the joint through small incisions to…

Avascular necrosis of the hip, medically also referred to as femoral head necrosis, describes the death of bone tissue in the femoral head due to impaired blood supply. This condition often occurs between the ages of 30 and 50 and affects men more…

Back pain is among the most common complaints in the population and can occur at any age. They range from acute, temporary pain to chronic, long-lasting complaints that can significantly affect the quality of life. Back pain can have many causes and…

Back pain, also known as lumbar back pain, refers to pain in the area of the lumbar spine (lower back). These complaints are among the most common pain syndromes and can be both acute and chronic in nature. The causes are varied and range from…

The Baker's cyst, also known as a popliteal cyst, is a fluid-filled protrusion of the joint capsule in the area of the popliteal fossa. It often occurs as a result of knee joint disorders such as osteoarthritis or meniscus damage and can cause pain,…

Bone necrosis, medically referred to as osteonecrosis, describes the death of bone tissue due to disrupted blood supply. The condition can occur in any bone of the body, but often affects joint areas such as the hip, knee, or shoulder. Without…

A bursitis, also called bursitis, is an inflammatory condition of a bursa, caused by irritation, overuse, or infections. Bursae are small fluid-filled cushions that lie between bones, muscles, and tendons and serve as shock absorbers and sliding…

Olecranon bursitis, also known as elbow bursitis, is a common condition in which the bursa (bursa olecrani) becomes inflamed. This bursa is located on the back of the elbow and serves as a cushion between the skin and the bony olecranon. The…

Bursitis in the knee, also known as bursitis, is an inflammatory condition of the bursae in the knee joint. These fluid-filled cushions reduce friction between bones, tendons, and muscles. There are several bursae in the knee, the most commonly…

Calcific shoulder, medically referred to as calcific tendinitis, is a condition where calcium deposits form in the tendons of the shoulder's rotator cuff. These deposits can lead to severe pain, restricted movement, and inflammation. Calcific…

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common nerve compression disorder in which the median nerve is compressed in the wrist area. This compression leads to pain, numbness, and weakness in the hand, particularly in the thumb, index finger, and middle…

A cruciate ligament tear, medically referred to as a rupture of the cruciate ligament, is a common injury of the knee joint. It affects one of the two cruciate ligaments – the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) or the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)…

A shoulder dislocation describes the complete or partial dislocation of the shoulder joint, where the head of the upper arm (humeral head) slips out of the socket (glenoid). Due to the special mobility and anatomy of the shoulder joint, it is the…

A rupture of the distal biceps tendon refers to the complete or partial severing of the tendon that connects the biceps muscle to the radial bone in the elbow area. This injury often occurs in middle-aged men and is usually caused by a sudden…

Dupuytren's disease, also known as Dupuytren's contracture, is a chronic condition of the connective tissue in the palm of the hand. It leads to a nodular thickening and shortening of the palmar aponeurosis, causing the affected fingers to…

Elbow pain is a common symptom that can be triggered by a variety of causes. It affects people of all age groups and ranges from mild discomfort to severe, chronic pain that significantly impairs quality of life. Causes of elbow pain can include…

Epiphysiolysis capitis femoris (ECF), also referred to as juvenile femoral head slippage, is an orthopedic condition in which the femoral head slips along the growth plate (epiphyseal plate) of the femur. This condition typically occurs in…

The Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS), also known as post-discectomy syndrome or post-nucleotomy syndrome, refers to persistent or newly occurring pain in the back and leg area after spinal surgery. Despite surgical interventions aimed at reducing…

Finger polyarthrosis, also known as polyarthrosis of the finger joints, is a degenerative disease characterized by the progressive wear of the joint cartilage in multiple finger joints. It leads to pain, stiffness, and limited mobility and occurs…

Frozen shoulder, medically referred to as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition of the shoulder joint characterized by severe pain and a significant restriction of mobility. It typically occurs in individuals between the ages of 40 and 60 and affects…

Golfer's elbow, medically referred to as medial epicondylitis, is a painful overuse condition affecting the tendon attachments of the wrist and finger flexor muscles on the inside of the elbow. Despite its name, this condition does not only occur in…

Hallux valgus, colloquially known as a bunion, is a common foot deformity where the big toe (hallux) deviates towards the other toes. This results in a protrusion of the big toe joint, which is often painful and leads to problems when wearing shoes.…

Hip dysplasia, also referred to as hip joint dysplasia, is a congenital or acquired malformation of the hip joint. The hip socket (acetabulum) is insufficiently developed, which leads to the femoral head (caput femoris) not sitting optimally in the…

Hip pain is a common symptom that can affect people of all ages. The pain can occur in the groin area, buttocks, or the outside of the thigh and can be both acute and chronic. It often impairs the mobility and quality of life of those affected.

Impingement in the ankle joint, also known as impingement syndrome, describes a mechanical pinching of tissue, tendons, or bone structures in the upper ankle joint. This pinching leads to pain, movement restrictions, and often to chronic complaints.…

Joint replacement surgeries, also known as endoprosthetics, are surgical procedures in which damaged or worn joints are replaced with artificial implants. These surgeries are often performed in cases of advanced osteoarthritis or severe joint damage…

Inflammation of the knee joint, medically referred to as arthritis of the knee joint, is an inflammatory condition that affects the knee joint. It can be triggered by infections, autoimmune diseases, or overuse and leads to pain, swelling, and…

Knee pain is a common symptom that can affect people of all ages. It can result from acute injuries, chronic conditions, or overuse. The knee joint is one of the largest and most complex joints in the human body, making it particularly susceptible to…