Orthopedic Lexicon

Patellar osteoarthritis, medically referred to as retropatellar osteoarthritis, is a specific form of osteoarthritis where the cartilage on the back of the kneecap (patella) is worn down. This condition leads to pain and movement restrictions in the…

A labral tear of the hip refers to damage or injury to the acetabular labrum, a cartilage-like structure that surrounds the hip socket. The labrum stabilizes the hip joint by increasing the contact area between the socket and the head while…

A labrum tear describes a tear of the labrum, a cartilage-like structure that surrounds the joint socket and ensures the stability of the joint. This injury often occurs in the shoulder (glenoid labrum) or the hip (acetabular labrum) and is a common…

Loose bodies, also known as joint mice or corpora libera, are freely movable structures in the joint cavity that consist of cartilage, bone, or soft tissue. They usually arise from injuries, degenerative processes, or inflammatory diseases and can…

An inner ligament tear, medically referred to as a rupture of the medial collateral ligament (MCL), is a common knee injury. The inner ligament stabilizes the inside of the knee and protects the joint from bending inward (valgus stress). This injury…

A meniscus tear, medically referred to as a rupture of the meniscus, is a common injury of the knee joint. The meniscus consists of two cartilage-like structures (medial and lateral meniscus) that serve as shock absorbers and stabilizers in the knee…

Müller-Weiss syndrome is a rare, degenerative disease of the navicular bone in the midfoot, primarily occurring in adults between 40 and 60 years of age. It is a spontaneous, non-traumatic bone necrosis that leads to deformities, pain, and movement…

Neck pain is one of the most common complaints in modern society and can affect people of all ages. It can occur both acutely and chronically and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as tension, restricted movement, and headaches. Neck pain…

An olecranon spur is a bony growth on the olecranon, the upper end of the ulna in the elbow area. These changes usually arise from chronic irritation or mechanical overload. The olecranon spur can cause pain and restricted movement, especially during…

Osgood-Schlatter disease is a common condition in adolescents caused by overuse of the shinbone at the site of the patellar tendon attachment. It is classified as a growth disorder (osteochondrosis) and primarily affects physically active children…

Elbow osteoarthritis, also known as cubital osteoarthritis, is a degenerative condition in which the cartilage in the elbow joint is gradually broken down. This form of osteoarthritis occurs less frequently than in joints with higher stress, such as…

Osteochondrosis dissecans (OD) is a joint disease in which a cartilage-bone fragment becomes detached. It primarily affects young, physically active individuals and often occurs in the knee joint, but can also affect other joints such as the ankle,…

Osteonecroses in childhood are conditions in which there is a localized blood flow disorder in the bone, leading to the death of the affected tissue. These disorders often occur at the growth zones (epiphyses) and are typically associated with pain,…

Eine Patellaluxation bezeichnet das Herausspringen der Kniescheibe (Patella) aus ihrer natürlichen Position im Gleitlager des Oberschenkelknochens (Femur). Diese Verletzung tritt häufig bei jungen, aktiven Menschen auf und ist meist mit starken…

A pelvic tilt is present when the pelvis is tilted horizontally. This misalignment is often caused by a leg length discrepancy, where the lengths of the legs are different. The pelvic tilt and leg length discrepancy can lead to uneven posture, joint…

Morbus Perthes, also known as Perthes disease, is a rare disorder of the hip joint in children. It arises from a temporary interruption of the blood supply to the femoral head, which leads to the death of bone tissue (aseptic necrosis of the femoral…

Pes anserinus syndrome, also known as pes anserinus bursitis, is a painful inflammation of the bursa (bursa anserina) below the inner knee joint. It often occurs in individuals with overuse, misalignments, or overweight. Athletes, older people, or…

Rhizarthrosis is a degenerative disease of the thumb saddle joint, caused by the wear of the cartilage between the first metacarpal bone and the trapezium bone (Os trapezium). It is one of the most common forms of osteoarthritis in the hand and…

A rotator cuff tear refers to damage or a tear of the tendons in the shoulder joint that connect the muscles of the rotator cuff to the humerus. It is one of the most common causes of shoulder pain and limitations in shoulder mobility. The injury can…

A tear of the long biceps tendon is a common injury that usually occurs due to acute overload or degenerative changes. The long biceps tendon connects the biceps muscle to the shoulder and plays an important role in the mobility and stability of the…

A rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL rupture) is an injury to the ligament that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) to the ulna (forearm bone) in the area of the elbow joint. The UCL is crucial for the stability of the elbow, especially…

The sacroiliac joint pain, also known as SIJ pain, affects the sacroiliac joint (SIJ), which forms the connection between the sacrum and the ilium. This joint plays a central role in the transmission of force between the upper body and the legs.…

Shoulder impingement syndrome, also known as subacromial impingement, is a common cause of shoulder pain and movement restrictions. It involves a mechanical narrowing of structures, such as tendons or bursae, in the space beneath the bony shoulder…

Shoulder osteoarthritis, also known as omarthrosis, is a degenerative disease of the shoulder joint, in which the joint cartilage between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity is increasingly worn down. This wear leads to pain, restricted…

Shoulder pain is a common complaint that can affect people of all ages. It arises from acute injuries, chronic overuse, or degenerative changes. The shoulder is the most mobile joint in the human body and is simultaneously prone to pain and…

The sinus tarsi syndrome is a painful condition caused by inflammation or irritation of the sinus tarsi, a bony canal between the talus (ankle bone) and calcaneus (heel bone). This anatomical structure contains important ligaments, vessels, and…

Spondylarthrosis is a degenerative disease of the vertebral joints (facet joints) caused by the wear and tear of cartilage and adjacent structures. It is one of the most common causes of back pain, especially in older people. As the disease…

Spondylodiscitis is a rare but serious inflammatory disease that affects both the intervertebral discs (discus) and the adjacent vertebral bodies. It is caused in most cases by bacterial infections, but in rare cases, it can also be of mycotic…

Spondylosis is a degenerative disease of the spine characterized by wear processes on the vertebral bodies, intervertebral discs, and adjacent structures such as the facet joints. It often occurs in older people and can restrict the mobility of the…

A tear of the supraspinatus tendon is a common injury of the rotator cuff and affects the tendon of the supraspinatus muscle, which is responsible for the abduction and stabilization of the shoulder joint. The injury can occur acutely or chronically…