A lateral ligament tear (rupture of one or more lateral ligaments) is a common injury of the ankle joint, which occurs especially in sports with rapid changes of direction or uncontrolled movements.…
Osteoarthritis of the lower ankle joint, also known as subtalar osteoarthritis, is a degenerative joint disease in which the cartilage between the talus (ankle bone) and calcaneus (heel bone) is…
Ankle pain is a common symptom that can reflect both acute injuries and chronic conditions. It occurs in the upper or lower ankle joint and can be caused by overuse, inflammation, degenerative…
Metatarsalgia describes pain in the forefoot area, often occurring under the metatarsal heads. These complaints usually arise from overuse, misalignments, or degenerative changes in the foot. People…
Hallux rigidus is osteoarthritis of the big toe joint, which can lead to painful movement restrictions and eventually to joint stiffening. This condition significantly impairs the rolling motion of…
Clubfoot (Pes equinovarus) is a complex congenital foot deformity that occurs in about 1 in 1,000 newborns worldwide. Boys are more frequently affected than girls, and in about 50% of cases, the…
Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a nerve compression disorder in which the tibial nerve is constricted in the area of the tarsal tunnel, an anatomical structure on the inside of the foot. This compression…
The upper heel spur, also known as Haglund's deformity, is a bony protrusion at the back of the heel bone (calcaneus). This condition often causes pain, swelling, and restricted movement, especially…
The Haglund heel, also known as Haglund's exostosis or Haglund's syndrome, is a bony protrusion at the upper rear edge of the heel bone (calcaneus). This deformity often leads to pain and…
Heel spurs and plantar fasciitis are closely related conditions that are often the cause of heel pain. While a heel spur is a bony change in the heel bone, plantar fasciitis is an inflammatory…
