Orthopedic Lexicon

Apophysitis calcanei, also known as Sever’s disease, is an inflammatory condition of the growth plate (apophysis) of the heel bone. It occurs predominantly in children and adolescents aged 8 to 16 years, especially during growth phases. Those…

Clubfoot (Pes equinovarus) is a complex congenital foot deformity that occurs in about 1 in 1,000 newborns worldwide. Boys are more frequently affected than girls, and in about 50% of cases, the clubfoot is bilateral. This deformity, which can lead…

Foot deformities are deviations from the normal shape or function of the foot, which can be either congenital or acquired. They often lead to uneven stress on the musculoskeletal system and can cause long-term pain and mobility restrictions. Foot…

Misalignments of the legs, such as knock-knees (genu valgum) and bowlegs (genu varum), are common observations in children. These deviations from the normal leg axis can be both physiological and pathological and affect the development and mobility…

Epiphysiolysis capitis femoris (ECF), also referred to as juvenile femoral head slippage, is an orthopedic condition in which the femoral head slips along the growth plate (epiphyseal plate) of the femur. This condition typically occurs in…

Hip dysplasia, also referred to as hip joint dysplasia, is a congenital or acquired malformation of the hip joint. The hip socket (acetabulum) is insufficiently developed, which leads to the femoral head (caput femoris) not sitting optimally in the…

Juvenile arthritis, medically referred to as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), is a chronic inflammatory joint disease that occurs in children and adolescents under 16 years of age. It is the most common rheumatic disease in this age group and can…

X-legs (genu valgum) and O-legs (genu varum) are misalignments of the leg axis that can lead to uneven stress on the joints. These misalignments primarily affect the knee joint and can cause long-term pain, wear and tear, and restricted mobility.

Misalignments of the leg axes are deviations from the normal alignment of the lower limbs. They can significantly affect the way weight is distributed across the joints, potentially leading to pain, reduced mobility, and long-term damage,…

Osgood-Schlatter disease is a common condition in adolescents caused by overuse of the shinbone at the site of the patellar tendon attachment. It is classified as a growth disorder (osteochondrosis) and primarily affects physically active children…

Osteonecroses in childhood are conditions in which there is a localized blood flow disorder in the bone, leading to the death of the affected tissue. These disorders often occur at the growth zones (epiphyses) and are typically associated with pain,…

Pediatric orthopedics is a specialized area of orthopedics that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases and deformities of the musculoskeletal system in children and adolescents. This discipline takes into account the special…

Morbus Perthes, also known as Perthes disease, is a rare disorder of the hip joint in children. It arises from a temporary interruption of the blood supply to the femoral head, which leads to the death of bone tissue (aseptic necrosis of the femoral…

Morbus Scheuermann, auch als Scheuermann-Krankheit bezeichnet, ist eine Wachstumsstörung der Wirbelsäule, die vor allem bei Jugendlichen während der Wachstumsphase auftritt. Die Erkrankung führt zu einer vermehrten Krümmung der Brustwirbelsäule…

Transient synovitis of the hip, medically referred to as Coxitis fugax, is a temporary, non-bacterial inflammation of the hip joint. This condition primarily affects children between the ages of three and ten, with boys being more frequently affected…