Orthopedic Lexicon

Hip pain is a common symptom that can affect people of all ages. The pain can occur in the groin area, buttocks, or the outside of the thigh and can be both acute and chronic. It often impairs the mobility and quality of life of those affected.

Impingement in the ankle joint, also known as impingement syndrome, describes a mechanical pinching of tissue, tendons, or bone structures in the upper ankle joint. This pinching leads to pain, movement restrictions, and often to chronic complaints.…

The tibialis posterior tendon plays a crucial role in stabilizing the longitudinal arch of the foot and supporting foot movements. Inflammation or tears of this tendon can lead to significant functional impairments and foot deformities.

Juvenile arthritis, medically referred to as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), is a chronic inflammatory joint disease that occurs in children and adolescents under 16 years of age. It is the most common rheumatic disease in this age group and can…

Inflammation of the knee joint, medically referred to as arthritis of the knee joint, is an inflammatory condition that affects the knee joint. It can be triggered by infections, autoimmune diseases, or overuse and leads to pain, swelling, and…

Knee pain is a common symptom that can affect people of all ages. It can result from acute injuries, chronic conditions, or overuse. The knee joint is one of the largest and most complex joints in the human body, making it particularly susceptible to…

Patellar osteoarthritis, medically referred to as retropatellar osteoarthritis, is a specific form of osteoarthritis where the cartilage on the back of the kneecap (patella) is worn down. This condition leads to pain and movement restrictions in the…

The flat-valgus foot (pes planovalgus) is a common foot deformity in which the longitudinal arch of the foot is flattened (flatfoot), and the heel tilts inward (valgus foot). This deformity can occur in both children and adults. While it is often…

A labral tear of the hip refers to damage or injury to the acetabular labrum, a cartilage-like structure that surrounds the hip socket. The labrum stabilizes the hip joint by increasing the contact area between the socket and the head while…

Loose bodies, also known as joint mice or corpora libera, are freely movable structures in the joint cavity that consist of cartilage, bone, or soft tissue. They usually arise from injuries, degenerative processes, or inflammatory diseases and can…

An inner ligament tear, medically referred to as a rupture of the medial collateral ligament (MCL), is a common knee injury. The inner ligament stabilizes the inside of the knee and protects the joint from bending inward (valgus stress). This injury…

A meniscus tear, medically referred to as a rupture of the meniscus, is a common injury of the knee joint. The meniscus consists of two cartilage-like structures (medial and lateral meniscus) that serve as shock absorbers and stabilizers in the knee…

Metatarsalgia describes pain in the forefoot area, often occurring under the metatarsal heads. These complaints usually arise from overuse, misalignments, or degenerative changes in the foot. People who stand a lot, walk, or are physically active are…

Morton's neuroma, also known as Morton's metatarsalgia, is a painful thickening of nerve tissue that typically occurs between the metatarsal bones in the area of the third and fourth toes. It is a common cause of forefoot pain, caused by mechanical…

Müller-Weiss syndrome is a rare, degenerative disease of the navicular bone in the midfoot, primarily occurring in adults between 40 and 60 years of age. It is a spontaneous, non-traumatic bone necrosis that leads to deformities, pain, and movement…

A muscle fiber tear in the calf is one of the most common sports injuries and occurs due to overloading of the calf muscle. This results in the tearing of individual or multiple muscle fibers, accompanied by acute pain, swelling, and restricted…

Osgood-Schlatter disease is a common condition in adolescents caused by overuse of the shinbone at the site of the patellar tendon attachment. It is classified as a growth disorder (osteochondrosis) and primarily affects physically active children…

Osteoarthritis of the lower ankle joint, also known as subtalar osteoarthritis, is a degenerative joint disease in which the cartilage between the talus (ankle bone) and calcaneus (heel bone) is gradually broken down. This condition primarily affects…

Osteochondrosis dissecans (OD) is a joint disease in which a cartilage-bone fragment becomes detached. It primarily affects young, physically active individuals and often occurs in the knee joint, but can also affect other joints such as the ankle,…

Osteoporosis is a chronic disease of the skeletal system, characterized by reduced bone density and deterioration of the bone’s microarchitecture. This leads to an increased susceptibility to fractures. Osteoporosis is often referred to as a “silent…

Paget's disease, also known as Paget's disease of bone, is a chronic bone disorder characterized by disrupted remodeling processes in bone tissue. It leads to abnormal enlargement, thickening, and weakening of the affected bone. Typical symptoms…

A patellar dislocation refers to the dislocation of the kneecap (patella) from its natural position in the femoral groove of the thigh bone (femur). This injury often occurs in young, active individuals and is usually associated with severe pain and…

A pelvic tilt is present when the pelvis is tilted horizontally. This misalignment is often caused by a leg length discrepancy, where the lengths of the legs are different. The pelvic tilt and leg length discrepancy can lead to uneven posture, joint…

Pes anserinus syndrome, also known as pes anserinus bursitis, is a painful inflammation of the bursa (bursa anserina) below the inner knee joint. It often occurs in individuals with overuse, misalignments, or overweight. Athletes, older people, or…

Piriformis syndrome is a neuromuscular disorder in which the piriformis muscle, a small, pear-shaped muscle in the buttock region, irritates or compresses the sciatic nerve. This irritation leads to pain that often radiates into the buttocks and the…

Polyneuropathy is a disease of the peripheral nervous system in which multiple nerves are affected simultaneously. It can impair motor, sensory, and autonomic nerve functions, leading to a variety of symptoms such as pain, numbness, or muscle…

Post-infectious arthritis, also known as reactive arthritis, is an inflammatory joint disease that occurs as a result of an infection. It usually develops a few weeks after an infection of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, or urogenital…

Pseudogout, also known as chondrocalcinosis, is an inflammatory joint disease caused by the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate crystals (CPP crystals) in the joints. These crystals lead to painful inflammation, swelling, and restricted movement,…

Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the joints that occurs in connection with the skin condition psoriasis. It can lead to pain, restricted movement, and permanent joint damage if not treated in a timely manner. The disease often…

Rheumatic diseases encompass a wide variety of chronic inflammatory, degenerative, and autoimmune conditions that can affect the joints, muscles, connective tissue, and internal organs. They are among the most common chronic diseases and can occur at…