An olecranon spur can be classified according to cause and manifestation:

1. Mechanical olecranon spur: Arises from repeated mechanical stresses, for example in craftsmen or athletes.
2. Degenerative olecranon spur: Develops in connection with age-related changes or osteoarthritis.
3. Inflammatory olecranon spur: Caused by inflammatory processes, such as in gout or rheumatoid arthritis.

The main causes for the development of an olecranon spur are:

- Chronic mechanical stress:

- Repeated stress from sports like tennis or from occupational activities.

- Misalignments:

- Poor posture or unilateral stress on the elbow.

- Osteoarthritis:

- Degenerative changes in the elbow can promote the formation of bony outgrowths.

- Inflammatory diseases:

- Gout or rheumatoid arthritis can favor bony changes on the olecranon.

- Injuries:

- Traumatic events such as fractures or bruises can contribute to the development of a spur.

The symptoms of an olecranon spur are often characteristic and include:

• Local pain: Pain in the area of the elbow, especially when pressed or moved.
• Swelling: Visible and palpable swelling around the olecranon.
• Movement restrictions: Difficulty bending or extending the elbow.
• Tenderness: Pain when touching or putting pressure on the elbow.
• Friction or crunching: Mechanical noises or sensations when moving the elbow.

The diagnosis is made through a combination of medical history, clinical examination, and imaging techniques:

- Medical history:

- The doctor asks about symptoms, stress patterns, and possible pre-existing conditions.

- Clinical examination:

- Palpation of the elbow to locate the pain and assess swelling.

- Imaging techniques:

- X-ray: Visualization of the bony spur and possible degenerative changes.

- MRI: Assessment of soft tissue damage and inflammatory processes.

- Ultrasound: Examination of bursitis or soft tissue changes.

Conservative Therapy

In most cases, the olecranon spur can be treated without surgery:

• Pain relief:
  • Use of NSAIDs to reduce pain and inflammation.
• Physiotherapy:
  • Exercises to relieve and mobilize the elbow.
• Cushioning:
  • Use of elbow braces or pads to relieve pressure.
• Cold and heat applications:
  • Application of cold for acute discomfort or heat to relax the muscles.
• Injections:
  • Cortisone injections to treat inflammation.

Surgical Therapy

In cases of severe pain or therapy-resistant complaints, surgery may be necessary:

• Removal of the spur:
  • Removal of the bony growth to relieve pain.
• Treatment of accompanying damage:
  • Surgical treatment of inflamed bursae or damaged structures.

The following measures are helpful in preventing an olecranon spur:

1. Ergonomic work practices: Adjusting the workplace and tools to reduce mechanical stress.
2. Regular breaks: Avoiding continuous strain through adequate rest periods.
3. Targeted training: Exercises to strengthen muscles and improve mobility.
4. Resting when experiencing discomfort: Responding promptly to pain or swelling to reduce strain.
5. Use of protective padding: Using elbow protectors during repeated stress.